Basic Question Words (Who, What, Where, When, Why, How)
أدوات الاستفهام الأساسية (من، ماذا، أين، متى، لماذا، كيف)
Introduction
Question words are essential for asking questions in English. They help you get information about people, things, places, time, reasons, and methods.
This guide explains the six basic question words — Who, What, Where, When, Why, and How — with clear rules, examples, and common mistakes to avoid.
المقدمة
أدوات الاستفهام أساسية لطرح الأسئلة في الإنجليزية. تساعدك في الحصول على معلومات عن الأشخاص والأشياء والأماكن والوقت والأسباب والطرق.
يشرح هذا الدليل أدوات الاستفهام الأساسية الست — Who, What, Where, When, Why, How — مع قواعد واضحة وأمثلة وأخطاء شائعة لتجنبها.
1. Overview of Question Words
١. نظرة عامة على أدوات الاستفهام
| Question Word | Purpose | Example |
| Who | Asks about a person (من) | Who is she? |
| What | Asks about a thing or idea (ماذا) | What is your name? |
| Where | Asks about a place (أين) | Where do you live? |
| When | Asks about time (متى) | When is the meeting? |
| Why | Asks about a reason (لماذا) | Why are you sad? |
| How | Asks about a manner or method (كيف) | How are you? |
نظرة عامة على أدوات الاستفهام:
| أداة الاستفهام | الغرض | مثال |
| Who | يسأل عن شخص (من) | (من هي؟). Who is she? |
| What | يسأل عن شيء أو فكرة (ماذا) | (ما اسمك؟). What is your name? |
| Where | يسأل عن مكان (أين) | (أين تعيش؟). Where do you live? |
| When | يسأل عن وقت (متى) | (متى الاجتماع؟). When is the meeting? |
| Why | يسأل عن سبب (لماذا) | (لماذا أنت حزين؟). Why are you sad? |
| How | يسأل عن طريقة أو أسلوب (كيف) | (كيف حالك؟). How are you? |
2. Who — من
٢. Who — من
Use “Who” to ask about people (persons).
Examples:
- Who is that?
- Who is your teacher?
- Who called you?
- Who are you?
- Who did you meet?
- Who is coming to the party?
- Who wrote this book?
Structure:
- Who + verb + (object)? — Who is she?
- Who + auxiliary + subject + verb? — Who did you see?
استخدم “Who” للسؤال عن الأشخاص.
أمثلة:
- (من هذا؟). Who is that?
- (من هو معلمك؟). Who is your teacher?
- (من اتصل بك؟). Who called you?
- (من أنت؟). Who are you?
- (من قابلت؟). Who did you meet?
- (من سيأتي إلى الحفلة؟). Who is coming to the party?
- (من كتب هذا الكتاب؟). Who wrote this book?
الهيكل:
- Who + الفعل + (المفعول)؟ — (من هي؟). Who is she?
- Who + الفعل المساعد + الفاعل + الفعل؟ — (من رأيت؟). Who did you see?
3. What — ماذا
٣. What — ماذا
Use “What” to ask about things, ideas, actions, or information.
Examples:
- What is your name?
- What are you doing?
- What do you want?
- What time is it?
- What did you say?
- What kind of food do you like?
- What is your favorite color?
Structure:
- What + verb + (object)? — What is that?
- What + auxiliary + subject + verb? — What do you want?
استخدم “What” للسؤال عن الأشياء والأفكار والأفعال والمعلومات.
أمثلة:
- (ما اسمك؟). What is your name?
- (ماذا تفعل؟). What are you doing?
- (ماذا تريد؟). What do you want?
- (كم الساعة؟). What time is it?
- (ماذا قلت؟). What did you say?
- (أي نوع من الطعام تحب؟). What kind of food do you like?
- (ما هو لونك المفضل؟). What is your favorite color?
الهيكل:
- What + الفعل + (المفعول)؟ — (ما هذا؟). What is that?
- What + الفعل المساعد + الفاعل + الفعل؟ — (ماذا تريد؟). What do you want?
4. Where — أين
٤. Where — أين
Use “Where” to ask about places or locations.
Examples:
- Where do you live?
- Where is the bathroom?
- Where are you from?
- Where did you go?
- Where is my phone?
- Where do you work?
- Where are we going?
Structure:
- Where + verb + subject? — Where is she?
- Where + auxiliary + subject + verb? — Where do you live?
استخدم “Where” للسؤال عن الأماكن أو المواقع.
أمثلة:
- (أين تعيش؟). Where do you live?
- (أين الحمام؟). Where is the bathroom?
- (من أين أنت؟). Where are you from?
- (أين ذهبت؟). Where did you go?
- (أين هاتفي؟). Where is my phone?
- (أين تعمل؟). Where do you work?
- (إلى أين نحن ذاهبون؟). Where are we going?
الهيكل:
- Where + الفعل + الفاعل؟ — (أين هي؟). Where is she?
- Where + الفعل المساعد + الفاعل + الفعل؟ — (أين تعيش؟). Where do you live?
5. When — متى
٥. When — متى
Use “When” to ask about time.
Examples:
- When is the meeting?
- When do you wake up?
- When were you born?
- When will you come?
- When does the movie start?
- When is your birthday?
- When did you arrive?
Structure:
- When + verb + subject? — When is the party?
- When + auxiliary + subject + verb? — When do you wake up?
استخدم “When” للسؤال عن الوقت.
أمثلة:
- (متى الاجتماع؟). When is the meeting?
- (متى تستيقظ؟). When do you wake up?
- (متى ولدت؟). When were you born?
- (متى ستأتي؟). When will you come?
- (متى يبدأ الفيلم؟). When does the movie start?
- (متى عيد ميلادك؟). When is your birthday?
- (متى وصلت؟). When did you arrive?
الهيكل:
- When + الفعل + الفاعل؟ — (متى الحفلة؟). When is the party?
- When + الفعل المساعد + الفاعل + الفعل؟ — (متى تستيقظ؟). When do you wake up?
6. Why — لماذا
٦. Why — لماذا
Use “Why” to ask about reasons or causes.
Examples:
- Why are you sad?
- Why did you leave?
- Why do you study English?
- Why is she late?
- Why don’t you like it?
- Why are you smiling?
- Why did she say that?
Structure:
- Why + verb + subject? — Why is he angry?
- Why + auxiliary + subject + verb? — Why do you want that?
Answering “Why” questions:
- Because + reason
- Why are you tired? Because I didn’t sleep well.
استخدم “Why” للسؤال عن الأسباب.
أمثلة:
- (لماذا أنت حزين؟). Why are you sad?
- (لماذا غادرت؟). Why did you leave?
- (لماذا تدرس الإنجليزية؟). Why do you study English?
- (لماذا هي متأخرة؟). Why is she late?
- (لماذا لا يعجبك؟). Why don’t you like it?
- (لماذا تبتسم؟). Why are you smiling?
- (لماذا قالت ذلك؟). Why did she say that?
الهيكل:
- Why + الفعل + الفاعل؟ — (لماذا هو غاضب؟). Why is he angry?
- Why + الفعل المساعد + الفاعل + الفعل؟ — (لماذا تريد ذلك؟). Why do you want that?
الإجابة على أسئلة “Why”:
- Because + السبب
- (لماذا أنت متعب؟ لأنني لم أنم جيدًا). Why are you tired? Because I didn’t sleep well.
7. How — كيف
٧. How — كيف
Use “How” to ask about manner, condition, or method.
Examples:
- How are you?
- How do you do this?
- How was your day?
- How did you find it?
- How long does it take?
- How much does it cost?
- How many people are there?
Structure:
- How + verb + subject? — How are you?
- How + auxiliary + subject + verb? — How do you do that?
Common “How” combinations:
| Phrase | Meaning | Example |
| How long | Duration (المدة) | How long is the movie? |
| How often | Frequency (التكرار) | How often do you exercise? |
| How many | Countable quantity (العدد) | How many students are there? |
| How much | Uncountable quantity / Price (الكمية/السعر) | How much is this? |
| How old | Age (العمر) | How old are you? |
| How far | Distance (المسافة) | How far is the station? |
استخدم “How” للسؤال عن الطريقة أو الحالة أو الأسلوب.
أمثلة:
- (كيف حالك؟). How are you?
- (كيف تفعل هذا؟). How do you do this?
- (كيف كان يومك؟). How was your day?
- (كيف وجدته؟). How did you find it?
- (كم من الوقت يستغرق؟). How long does it take?
- (كم سعره؟). How much does it cost?
- (كم عدد الأشخاص هناك؟). How many people are there?
الهيكل:
- How + الفعل + الفاعل؟ — (كيف حالك؟). How are you?
- How + الفعل المساعد + الفاعل + الفعل؟ — (كيف تفعل ذلك؟). How do you do that?
تركيبات “How” الشائعة:
| العبارة | المعنى | مثال |
| How long | (المدة) | (كم مدة الفيلم؟). How long is the movie? |
| How often | (التكرار) | (كم مرة تتمرن؟). How often do you exercise? |
| How many | (العدد) | (كم عدد الطلاب هناك؟). How many students are there? |
| How much | (الكمية/السعر) | (كم سعر هذا؟). How much is this? |
| How old | (العمر) | (كم عمرك؟). How old are you? |
| How far | (المسافة) | (كم تبعد المحطة؟). How far is the station? |
8. Sentence Structure with Question Words
٨. هيكل الجملة مع أدوات الاستفهام
Basic Structure (Simple Questions):
Question Word + Verb + Subject + (Object)?
Examples:
- Who is she?
- What is that?
- Where is the station?
- When is the party?
- Why is he angry?
- How are you?
Structure with Auxiliary Verbs:
Question Word + Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb + (Object)?
Examples:
- What do you want?
- Where do you live?
- When did you arrive?
- Why did you leave?
- How do you do this?
الهيكل الأساسي (أسئلة بسيطة):
أداة الاستفهام + الفعل + الفاعل + (المفعول)؟
أمثلة:
- (من هي؟). Who is she?
- (ما هذا؟). What is that?
- (أين المحطة؟). Where is the station?
- (متى الحفلة؟). When is the party?
- (لماذا هو غاضب؟). Why is he angry?
- (كيف حالك؟). How are you?
الهيكل مع الأفعال المساعدة:
أداة الاستفهام + الفعل المساعد + الفاعل + الفعل الرئيسي + (المفعول)؟
أمثلة:
- (ماذا تريد؟). What do you want?
- (أين تعيش؟). Where do you live?
- (متى وصلت؟). When did you arrive?
- (لماذا غادرت؟). Why did you leave?
- (كيف تفعل هذا؟). How do you do this?
9. Common Mistakes to Avoid
٩. أخطاء شائعة لتجنبها
Mistake 1: Forgetting the auxiliary verb
- ❌ What you want?
- ✅ What do you want?
الخطأ الأول: نسيان الفعل المساعد
- ❌ What you want?
- ✅ (ماذا تريد؟). What do you want?
Mistake 2: Wrong word order
- ❌ Where you live?
- ✅ Where do you live?
الخطأ الثاني: ترتيب كلمات خاطئ
- ❌ Where you live?
- ✅ (أين تعيش؟). Where do you live?
Mistake 3: Using “What” instead of “Which”
- ❌ What color do you want? (if choosing between two known options)
- ✅ Which color do you want, red or blue?
الخطأ الثالث: استخدام “What” بدلاً من “Which”
- ❌ (إذا كان الاختيار بين خيارين معروفين). What color do you want?
- ✅ (أي لون تريد، الأحمر أم الأزرق؟). Which color do you want, red or blue?
Mistake 4: Using “Who” for things
- ❌ Who is your phone?
- ✅ What is your phone number?
الخطأ الرابع: استخدام “Who” للأشياء
- ❌ Who is your phone?
- ✅ (ما هو رقم هاتفك؟). What is your phone number?
Mistake 5: Using “Why” without “Because” in the answer